Johannesburg
Top threats: Civil conflict, sovereign default and market crash
Lloyd’s analysis: “On the one hand Johannesburg can be viewed as a global city with a key role in the southern hemisphere economy and a gateway to the African continent for business and investment. On the other, there is a risk of growing polarization as efforts to address social problems cannot keep pace with health epidemics, corruption, the social inequalities that are a legacy of apartheid, the growing threat of social unrest and tensions surrounding the volume of migrants from a wide African diaspora.”
(Photo: iStockphoto)
London
Top threats: Market crash, flood and cyber
Lloyd’s analysis: “Economic differences between London and the rest of the U.K. are reflected in higher average incomes and areas of particularly high house prices. London, like New York, faces the challenge of housing shortages and unaffordability. London is a smart city leader, highly connected internationally with well-developed infrastructure and services. This includes extensive digital connectivity generating large volumes of user data and enabling disruptive technologies, and new ways of working and…
